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It has decent single target damage, gives you good 2-4 target cleave, and is the most mobile spec due to all the insta Not just the spec itself but some of the fights in HFC are a whole lot more fun and some seem even more rewarding to play frost. For instance my guild got its 1st mythic kill on hellfire assault this week and frost bomb+thermal void on that fight is ridiculously powerful I probably had a 1 minute duration Icy Does anyone have a list like they did in BRF about which Mage Specs are going to be best for each fight? Or is it just If it has tons of adds, Fire and then Frost once you get into HFC gear.

I havent been on PTR or tested the bosses was looking for insight on what spec people would be playing per boss. 8 Jul 2015 A level 100 Human arcane mage that I have never learned how to play and that spent over a year being a bank alt. A level 91 Night Elf balance I have toyed with the idea of making a strong melee off spec for either my druid or my monk, but again I have not devoted much time to that. But it is still an option. 30 Sep 2016 I'd highly suggest checking out Nelfy's YouTube and Altered-Time guides as he's been very active in the mage community and has great insight.

Please feel free to Standard Arcane Mage 7.1.5 Build. Finally, if there is not enough mana to cast AB, and no AM stacks (unless you're banking 1), then EVO Download >>Download Arcane mage guide hfc bank. Read Online >>Read Online Arcane mage guide hfc bank. Contrary to what the other mage was saying, it is fine to play frost in all the fights in HFC. It has decent single target damage, gives you good 2-4 target cleave, and is the most mobile spec due to all the insta. 14 Jun 2016 Soon as I considered my bank space vs my transmog wants I just stopped opening them.. Cata bosses generally explode in like 5-15 seconds with HFC gear..

Some classes (arcane mage, sub rogue) get a huge dps increase on their openers if they use old sets pre-pull to snapshot certain buffs. 7 Jan 2016 Thank you for picking the most OP Dps spec to ever live.

Just some notes and tricks for bosses ect. Assuming you have most of the BiS gear. ARCANE: Haste(~1900-2100)>mastery>crit=multi>vers -Single target talents you are going to take Unstable Magic(UM) and Prismatic Crystal (PC) -Opener1: Precast Example Arcane Mage talent builds and when to use them for each situation.

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• Joseph, Thomas T. 2016-01-01 General anesthetics bind reversibly to ion channels, modifying their global conformational distributions, but the underlying atomic mechanisms are not completely known. We examine this issue by way of the model protein Gloeobacter violaceous ligand- gated ion channel (GLIC) using computational molecular dynamics, with a coarse-grained model to enhance sampling. We find that in flooding simulations, both propofol and a generic particle localize to the crystallographic transmembrane anesthetic binding region, and that propofol also localizes to an extracellular region shared with the crystallographic ketamine binding site. Subsequent simulations to probe these binding modes in greater detail demonstrate that ligand binding induces structural asymmetry in GLIC. Consequently, we employ residue interaction correlation analysis to describe the internal allosteric network underlying the coupling of ligand and distant effector sites necessary for conformational change. Overall, the results suggest that the same allosteric network may underlie the actions of various anesthetics, regardless of binding site.

PMID:27403526 • Aurola, A.; Marochkin, V.; Tuuva, T. 2015-01-01 We have developed a novel detector concept based on Modified Internal Gate Field Effect Transistor (MIGFET) wherein a buried Modified Internal Gate (MIG) is implanted underneath a channel of a FET. In between the MIG and the channel of the FET there is a depleted semiconductor material forming a potential barrier between charges in the channel and similar type signal charges located in the MIG. The signal charges in the MIG have a measurable effect on the conductance of the channel. In this paper a double MIGFET pixel is investigated comprising two MIGFETs. By transferring the signal charges between the two MIGs Non-Destructive Correlated Double Sampling Readout (NDCDSR) is enabled. The proposed MIG radiation detector suits particularly well for low-light-level imaging, X-ray spectroscopy, as well as synchrotron and X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) facilities.

The reason for the excellent X-ray detection performance stems from the fact that interface related issues can be considerably mitigated since interface generated dark noise can be completely avoided and interface generated 1/f and Random Telegraph Signal (RTS) noise can be considerably reduced due to a deep buried channel readout configuration. Electrical parameters of the double MIGFET pixel have been evaluated by 3D TCAD simulation study. Simulation results show the absence of interface generated dark noise, significantly reduced interface generated 1/f and RTS noise, well performing NDCDSR operation, and blooming protection due to an inherent vertical anti-blooming structure. In addition, the backside illuminated thick fully depleted pixel design provides a homogeneous radiation entry window, low crosstalk due to lack of diffusion, and good quantum efficiency for low energy X-rays and NIR light. These facts result in excellent Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and very low crosstalk enabling thus excellent X-ray energy and spatial resolution. The simulation demonstrates the charge to current conversion gain for • Picco, C; Sanfilippo, C; Gavazzo, P; Menini, A 1996-01-01 Ion channels directly activated by cyclic nucleotides are present in the plasma membrane of retinal rod outer segments. These channels can be modulated by several factors including internal pH (pH(i)).

Native cyclic nucleotide- gated channels were studied in excised membrane patches from the outer segment of retinal rods of the salamander. Channels were activated by cGMP or cAMP and currents as a function of voltage and cyclic nucleotide concentrations were measured as pH(i) was varied between 7.6 and 5.0. Increasing internal proton concentrations reduced the current activated by cGMP without modifying the concentration (K(1/2)) of cGMP necessary for half-activation of the maximal current.

This effect could be well described as a reduction of single-channel current by protonation of a single acidic residue with a pK(1) of 5.1. When channels were activated by cAMP a more complex phenomenon was observed. K(1/2) for cAMP decreased by increasing internal proton concentration whereas maximal currents activated by cAMP increased by lowering pH(i) from 7.6 to 5.7-5.5 and then decreased from pH(i) 5.5 to 5.0. This behavior was attributed both to a reduction in single-channel current as measured with cGMP and to an increase in channel open probability induced by the binding of three protons to sites with a pK(2) of 6. PMID:8894976 • Gavazzo, P; Picco, C; Menini, A 1997-01-01 We have examined the modulation by internal protons of cyclic nucleotide- gated (CNG) channels cloned from bovine olfactory receptor cells and retinal rods.

CNG channels were studied in excised inside-out membrane patches from Xenopus laevis oocytes previously injected with the mRNA encoding for the subunit 1 of olfactory or rod channels. Channels were activated by cGMP or cAMP, and currents as a function of cyclic nucleotide concentrations were measured as pHi varied between 7.6 and 5.0. Increasing internal proton concentrations caused a partial blockage of the single-channel current, consistent with protonation of a single acidic site with a pK1 of 4.5-4.7, both in rod and in olfactory CNG channels.

Channel gating properties were also affected by internal protons. The open probability at low cyclic nucleotide concentrations was greatly increased by lowering pHi, and the increase was larger when channels were activated by cAMP than by cGMP. Therefore, internal protons affected both channel permeation and gating properties, causing a reduction in single-channel current and an increase in open probability.

These effects are likely to be caused by different titratable groups on the channel. PMID:9308192 • Fineberg, Jeffrey D; Szanto, Tibor G; Panyi, Gyorgy; Covarrubias, Manuel 2016-08-09 Voltage- gated K(+) (Kv) channel activation depends on interactions between voltage sensors and an intracellular activation gate that controls access to a central pore cavity. Here, we hypothesize that this gate is additionally responsible for closed-state inactivation (CSI) in Kv4.x channels. These Kv channels undergo CSI by a mechanism that is still poorly understood. To test the hypothesis, we deduced the state of the Kv4.1 channel intracellular gate by exploiting the trap-door paradigm of pore blockade by internally applied quaternary ammonium (QA) ions exhibiting slow blocking kinetics and high-affinity for a blocking site. We found that inactivation gating seemingly traps benzyl-tributylammonium (bTBuA) when it enters the central pore cavity in the open state.

However, bTBuA fails to block inactivated Kv4.1 channels, suggesting gated access involving an internal gate. In contrast, bTBuA blockade of a Shaker Kv channel that undergoes open-state P/C-type inactivation exhibits fast onset and recovery inconsistent with bTBuA trapping. Furthermore, the inactivated Shaker Kv channel is readily blocked by bTBuA. We conclude that Kv4.1 closed-state inactivation modulates pore blockade by QA ions in a manner that depends on the state of the internal activation gate.

• Fineberg, Jeffrey D.; Szanto, Tibor G.; Panyi, Gyorgy; Covarrubias, Manuel 2016-01-01 Voltage- gated K+ (Kv) channel activation depends on interactions between voltage sensors and an intracellular activation gate that controls access to a central pore cavity. Here, we hypothesize that this gate is additionally responsible for closed-state inactivation (CSI) in Kv4.x channels. These Kv channels undergo CSI by a mechanism that is still poorly understood. To test the hypothesis, we deduced the state of the Kv4.1 channel intracellular gate by exploiting the trap-door paradigm of pore blockade by internally applied quaternary ammonium (QA) ions exhibiting slow blocking kinetics and high-affinity for a blocking site. We found that inactivation gating seemingly traps benzyl-tributylammonium (bTBuA) when it enters the central pore cavity in the open state. However, bTBuA fails to block inactivated Kv4.1 channels, suggesting gated access involving an internal gate.

In contrast, bTBuA blockade of a Shaker Kv channel that undergoes open-state P/C-type inactivation exhibits fast onset and recovery inconsistent with bTBuA trapping. Furthermore, the inactivated Shaker Kv channel is readily blocked by bTBuA. We conclude that Kv4.1 closed-state inactivation modulates pore blockade by QA ions in a manner that depends on the state of the internal activation gate.

PMID:27502553 • Oxrieder, Ann To increase the enrollment of women in trade programs by 10%, one community college designed a model for and held a one-day exposition fair to acquaint students and staff with nontraditional vocational programs for women. The replicable model, prepared as a guide for others planning similar career fairs, consists of eight major steps, relevant • Zamponi, G W; French, R J 1994-01-01 We have studied the action of several pore-blocking amines on voltage-dependent activation gating of batrachotoxin(BTX)-activated sodium channels, from bovine heart and rat skeletal muscle, incorporated into planar lipid bilayers. Although structurally simpler, the compounds studied show general structural features and channel-inhibiting actions that resemble those of lidocaine. Anolis Arc Power 36 Manual Muscle.

When applied to the cytoplasmic end of the channel, these compounds cause a rapid, voltage-dependent, open-channel block seen as a reduction in apparent single-channel amplitude (companion paper). Internal application of phenylpropanolamine, phenylethylamine, phenylmethylamine, and diethylamine, as well as causing open-channel block, reduces the probability of channel closure, producing a shift of the steady-state activation curve toward more hyperpolarizing potentials. These gating effects were observed for both cardiac and skeletal muscle channels and were not evoked by addition of equimolar N-Methyl-D-Glucamine, suggesting a specific interaction of the blockers with the channel rather than a surface charge effect. Kinetic analysis of phenylpropanolamine action on skeletal muscle channels indicated that phenylpropanolamine reduced the closed probability via two separate mechanisms. First, mean closed durations were slightly abbreviated in its presence.

Second, and more important, the frequency of the gating closures was reduced. This action was correlated with the degree, and the voltage dependence, of open-channel block, suggesting that the activation gate cannot close while the pore is occluded by the blocker. Such a mechanism might underlie the previously reported immobilization of gating charge associated with local anesthetic block of unmodified sodium channels.

PMID:7811914 • Parach, Ali Asghar; Rajabi, Hossein; Askari, Mohammad Ali 2011-08-01 GATE/GEANT is a Monte Carlo code dedicated to nuclear medicine that allows calculation of the dose to organs of voxel phantoms. On the other hand, MIRD is a well-developed system for estimation of the dose to human organs. In this study, results obtained from GATE/GEANT using Snyder phantom are compared to published MIRD data.

For this, the mathematical Snyder phantom was discretized and converted to a digital phantom of 100 × 200 × 360 voxels. The activity was considered uniformly distributed within kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, spleen, and adrenals. The GATE/GEANT Monte Carlo code was used to calculate the dose to the organs of the phantom from mono-energetic photons of 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 keV. The dose was converted into specific absorbed fraction (SAF) and the results were compared to the corresponding published MIRD data. On average, there was a good correlation (r (2)>0.99) between the two series of data.

However, the GATE/GEANT data were on average -0.16 ± 6.22% lower than the corresponding MIRD data for self-absorption. Self-absorption in the lungs was considerably higher in the MIRD compared to the GATE/GEANT data, for photon energies of 10-20 keV. As for cross-irradiation to other organs, the GATE/GEANT data were on average +1.5 ± 8.1% higher than the MIRD data, for photon energies of 50-1000 keV. For photon energies of 10-30 keV, the relative difference was +7.5 ± 67%. It turned out that the agreement between the GATE/GEANT and the MIRD data depended upon absolute SAF values and photon energy. For 10-30 keV photons, where the absolute SAF values were small, the uncertainty was high and the effect of cross-section prominent, and there was no agreement between the GATE/GEANT results and the MIRD data. However, for photons of 50-1,000 keV, the bias was negligible and the agreement was acceptable.

• West, William W. Teachers who restrict their teaching of writing to elements of exposition are likely to fail because there is insufficient content, interest, or challenge in learning simple exposition, and the techniques that contribute to polished exposition are more easily accessible when approached through aesthetic writing. A teaching sequence for using • Perrot, Y; Degoul, F; Auzeloux, P; Bonnet, M; Cachin, F; Chezal, J M; Donnarieix, D; Labarre, P; Moins, N; Papon, J; Rbah-Vidal, L; Vidal, A; Miot-Noirault, E; Maigne, L 2014-05-07 The GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform based on the Geant4 toolkit is under constant improvement for dosimetric calculations. In this study, we explore its use for the dosimetry of the preclinical targeted radiotherapy of melanoma using a new specific melanin-targeting radiotracer labeled with iodine 131. Calculated absorbed fractions and S values for spheres and murine models (digital and CT-scan-based mouse phantoms) are compared between GATE and EGSnrc Monte Carlo codes considering monoenergetic electrons and the detailed energy spectrum of iodine 131. The behavior of Geant4 standard and low energy models is also tested.

Following the different authors' guidelines concerning the parameterization of electron physics models, this study demonstrates an agreement of 1.2% and 1.5% with EGSnrc, respectively, for the calculation of S values for small spheres and mouse phantoms. S values calculated with GATE are then used to compute the dose distribution in organs of interest using the activity distribution in mouse phantoms. This study gives the dosimetric data required for the translation of the new treatment to the clinic. • Perrot, Y.; Degoul, F.; Auzeloux, P.; Bonnet, M.; Cachin, F.; Chezal, J. M.; Donnarieix, D.; Labarre, P.; Moins, N.; Papon, J.; Rbah-Vidal, L.; Vidal, A.; Miot-Noirault, E.; Maigne, L.

2014-05-01 The GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform based on the Geant4 toolkit is under constant improvement for dosimetric calculations. In this study, we explore its use for the dosimetry of the preclinical targeted radiotherapy of melanoma using a new specific melanin-targeting radiotracer labeled with iodine 131. Calculated absorbed fractions and S values for spheres and murine models (digital and CT-scan-based mouse phantoms) are compared between GATE and EGSnrc Monte Carlo codes considering monoenergetic electrons and the detailed energy spectrum of iodine 131.

The behavior of Geant4 standard and low energy models is also tested. Following the different authors’ guidelines concerning the parameterization of electron physics models, this study demonstrates an agreement of 1.2% and 1.5% with EGSnrc, respectively, for the calculation of S values for small spheres and mouse phantoms. S values calculated with GATE are then used to compute the dose distribution in organs of interest using the activity distribution in mouse phantoms. This study gives the dosimetric data required for the translation of the new treatment to the clinic. • Vega, Jared S; Escobedo, Miguel; Schulte, Cynthia R; Rosen, Jennifer B; Schauer, Stephanie; Wiseman, Rachel; Lippold, Susan A; Regan, Joanna J 2014-12-19 In March 2014, CDC identified a possible cluster of four laboratory-confirmed measles cases among passengers transiting a domestic terminal in a U.S. International airport.

Through epidemiologic assessments conducted by multiple health departments and investigation of flight itineraries by CDC, all four patients were linked to the same terminal gate during a 4-hour period on January 17, 2014. Patient 1, an unvaccinated man aged 21 years with rash onset February 1, traveled on two domestic flights on January 17 and 18 that connected at the international airport.

Patient 2, an unvaccinated man aged 49 years with rash onset February 1, traveled from the airport on January 17. Patient 3, an unvaccinated man aged 19 years with rash onset January 30, traveled domestically with at least a 4-hour layover at the airport on January 17. Patient 4, an unvaccinated man aged 63 years with rash onset February 5, traveled on a flight to the airport on January 17. • Oliveira, A; Gehin, C; Delhomme, G; Dittmar, A; McAdams, E 2009-01-01 To improve rescuer safety, coordination and efficiency, the European program ProeTEX aims at developing new equipment for the intervention staff. This equipment is based on micro and nanotechnologies and consisted of smart textile integrated sensor to monitor physiological parameters, environment of the rescuer but also acquisition module and communication module. Thermal parameters are of primer interest.

Internal temperature, external temperature and heat flux are relevant parameters to prevent heat stroke in fire fighter when exposed to intense fire. These parameters are recorded during fire exposition and highlight, on one hand, that the outer garment of fire fighters' equipment insulates the fire fighter from the external environment, and on the other hand, that the thermal monitoring is relevant. • 1995-01-01 The permeation of monovalent cations through the cGMP- gated channel of catfish cone outer segments was examined by measuring permeability and conductance ratios under biionic conditions. For monovalent cations presented on the cytoplasmic side of the channel, the permeability ratios with respect to extracellular Na followed the sequence NH4 >K >Li >Rb = Na >Cs while the conductance ratios at +50 mV followed the sequence Na approximately NH4 >K >Rb >Li = Cs. These patterns are broadly similar to the amphibian rod channel.

The symmetry of the channel was tested by presenting the test ion on the extracellular side and using Na as the common reference ion on the cytoplasmic side. Under these biionic conditions, the permeability ratios with respect to Na at the intracellular side followed the sequence NH4 >Li >K >Na >Rb >Cs while the conductance ratios at +50 mV followed the sequence NH4 >K approximately Na >Rb >Li >Cs. Thus, the channel is asymmetric with respect to external and internal cations. Under symmetrical 120 mM ionic conditions, the single-channel conductance at +50 mV ranged from 58 pS in NH4 to 15 pS for Cs and was in the order NH4 >Na >K >Rb >Cs.

Unexpectedly, the single-channel current-voltage relation showed sufficient outward rectification to account for the rectification observed in multichannel patches without invoking voltage dependence in gating. The concentration dependence of the reversal potential for K showed that chloride was impermeant. Anomalous mole fraction behavior was not observed, nor, over a limited concentration range, were multiple dissociation constants. An Eyring rate theory model with a single binding site was sufficient to explain these observations. PMID:8786344 • Fallahpoor, M; Abbasi, M; Sen, A; Parach, A; Kalantari, F 2015-06-15 Purpose Monte Carlo simulations are routinely used for internal dosimetry studies. These studies are conducted with humanoid phantoms such as the XCAT phantom.

In this abstract we present the absorbed doses for various pairs of source and target organs using three common radiotracers in nuclear medicine. Methods The GATE software package is used for the Monte Carlo simulations. A typical female XCAT phantom is used as the input. Three radiotracers 153Sm, 131I and 99mTc are studied. The Specific Absorbed Fraction (SAF) for gamma rays (99mTc, 153Sm and 131I) and Specific Fraction (SF) for beta particles (153Sm and 131I) are calculated for all 100 pairs of source target organs including brain, liver, lung, pancreas, kidney, adrenal, spleen, rib bone, bladder and ovaries. Results The source organs themselves gain the highest absorbed dose as compared to other organs. The dose is found to be inversely proportional to distance from the source organ.

In SAF results of 153Sm, when the source organ is lung, the rib bone, gain 0.0730 (Kg-1) that is more than lung itself. Conclusion The absorbed dose for various organs was studied in terms of SAF and SF. Such studies hold importance for future therapeutic procedures and optimization of induced radiotracer.

• 1995-01-01 The ability of the divalent cations calcium, magnesium, and barium to permeate through the cGMP- gated channel of catfish cone outer segments was examined by measuring permeability and conductance ratios under biionic conditions and by measuring their ability to block current carried by sodium when presented on the cytoplasmic or extracellular side of the channel. Current carried by divalent cations in the absence of monovalent cations showed the typical rectification pattern observed from these channels under physiological conditions (an exponential increase in current at both positive and negative voltages). With calcium as the reference ion, the relative permeabilities were Ca >Ba >Mg, and the chord conductance ratios at +50 mV were in the order of Ca approximately Mg >Ba. With external sodium as the reference ion, the relative permeabilities were Ca >Mg >Ba >Na with chord conductance ratios at +30 mV in the order of Na >>Ca = Mg >Ba. The ability of divalent cations presented on the intracellular side to block the sodium current was in the order Ca >Mg >Ba at +30 mV and Ca >Ba >Mg at -30 mV. Block by external divalent cations was also investigated. The current-voltage relations showed block by internal divalent cations reveal no anomalous mole fraction behavior, suggesting little ion-ion interaction within the pore.

An Eyring rate theory model with two barriers and a single binding site is sufficient to explain both these observations and those for monovalent cations, predicting a single-channel conductance under physiological conditions of 2 pS and an inward current at -30 mV carried by 82% Na, 5% Mg, and 13% Ca. PMID:8786345 • Communique, 1982 1982-01-01 Presented are summaries of two separate but closely-related conferences. The International Scientific Conference and Exhibit, organized to mark the 10th anniversary of the Man and the Biosphere Program (MAB), was based on the theme 'ecology in practice: establishing a scientific basis for land management.'

This summary includes: a 10 • Communique, 1982 1982-01-01 Presented are summaries of two separate but closely-related conferences. The International Scientific Conference and Exhibit, organized to mark the 10th anniversary of the Man and the Biosphere Program (MAB), was based on the theme 'ecology in practice: establishing a scientific basis for land management.' This summary includes: a 10 • 1980-01-01 Many countries are moving with increasing urgency to obtain larger fractions of their energy from biomass. Over 1800 leading experts from 70 countries met on April 21 to 24 in Atlanta to conduct a World Congress and Exposition on Bio-Energy. This summary presents highlights of the Congress and thoughts stimulated by the occasion.

Topics addressed include a comparison of international programs, world and country regionalism in the development of energy supplies, fuel versus food or forest products, production of ethyl alcohol, possibilities for expanded production of terrestrial vegetation and marine flora, and valuable chemicals from biomass. Separate abstracts have been prepared for 164 papers for inclusion in the Energy Data Base.

Allen 2013-11-12 An optical XOR gate is formed as a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) from two sets of optical waveguide devices on a substrate, with each set of the optical waveguide devices including an electroabsorption modulator electrically connected in series with a waveguide photodetector. The optical XOR gate utilizes two digital optical inputs to generate an XOR function digital optical output. The optical XOR gate can be formed from III-V compound semiconductor layers which are epitaxially deposited on a III-V compound semiconductor substrate, and operates at a wavelength in the range of 0.8-2.0.mu.m. • Fohlmeister, J F; Adelman, W J 1986-01-01 Internally perfused squid giant axons with intact sodium inactivation gating were prepared for gating current experiments. Gating current records were obtained in sinusoidally driven dynamic steady states and as dynamic transients as functions of the mean membrane potential and the frequency of the command sinusoid. Controls were obtained after internal protease treatment of the axons that fully removed inactivation.

The nonlinear analysis consisted of determining and interpreting the harmonic content in the current records. The results indicate the presence of three kinetic processes, two of which are associated with activation gating (the so-called primary and secondary processes), and the third with inactivation gating. The dynamic steady state data show that inactivation gating does not contribute a component to the gating current, and has no direct voltage-dependence of its own. Rather, the inactivation kinetics appear to be coupled to the primary activation kinetics, and the coupling mechanism appears to be one of reciprocal steric hindrance between two molecular components. The mechanism allows the channel to become inactivated without first entering the conducting state, and will do so in about 40 percent of depolarizing voltage-clamp steps to 0 mV. The derived model kinetics further indicate that the conducting state may flicker between open and closed with the lifetime of either state being 10 microseconds.

Dynamic transients generated by the model kinetics (i.e., the behavior of the harmonic components as a function of time after an instantaneous change in the mean membrane potential from a holding potential of -80 mV) match the experimental dynamic transients in all details. These transients have a duration of 7-10 ms (depending on the level of depolarization), and are the result of the developing inactivation following the discontinuous voltage change. A detailed hypothetical molecular model of the channel and gating machinery is presented.

PMID • Knapp, Terry J 2009-01-01 B. Skinner's first public exposition of his analysis of verbal behavior was the Hefferline Notes (1947a), a written summary of a course Skinner taught at Columbia University during the summer of 1947 just prior to his presentation of the William James Lectures at Harvard University in the fall. The Notes are significant because they display Skinner's analysis as it made the transition from spoken to written form; moreover, they are an effective supplemental source of examples and early approximations for comprehending Skinner's functional verbal operants. PMID:22477433 • Knapp, Terry J 2009-01-01 B. Skinner's first public exposition of his analysis of verbal behavior was the Hefferline Notes (1947a), a written summary of a course Skinner taught at Columbia University during the summer of 1947 just prior to his presentation of the William James Lectures at Harvard University in the fall. The Notes are significant because they display Skinner's analysis as it made the transition from spoken to written form; moreover, they are an effective supplemental source of examples and early approximations for comprehending Skinner's functional verbal operants. • Eckberg, Dwain L.

2003-01-01 Respiratory activity phasically alters membrane potentials of preganglionic vagal and sympathetic motoneurones and continuously modulates their responsiveness to stimulatory inputs. The most obvious manifestation of this 'respiratory gating' is respiratory sinus arrhythmia, the rhythmic fluctuations of electrocardiographic R-R intervals observed in healthy resting humans. Phasic autonomic motoneurone firing, reflecting the throughput of the system, depends importantly on the intensity of stimulatory inputs, such that when levels of stimulation are low (as with high arterial pressure and sympathetic activity, or low arterial pressure and vagal activity), respiratory fluctuations of sympathetic or vagal firing are also low. The respiratory gate has a finite capacity, and high levels of stimulation override the ability of respiration to gate autonomic responsiveness. Autonomic throughput also depends importantly on other factors, including especially, the frequency of breathing, the rate at which the gate opens and closes.

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is small at rapid, and large at slow breathing rates. The strong correlation between systolic pressure and R-R intervals at respiratory frequencies reflects the influence of respiration on these two measures, rather than arterial baroreflex physiology. A wide range of evidence suggests that respiratory activity gates the timing of autonomic motoneurone firing, but does not influence its tonic level. I propose that the most enduring significance of respiratory gating is its use as a precisely controlled experimental tool to tease out and better understand otherwise inaccessible human autonomic neurophysiological mechanisms. • Short, James Evans; West, Shawn Michael; Fabean, Robert J.

2009-08-04 A gate drive for an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) includes a control and protection module coupled to a collector terminal of the IGBT, an optical communications module coupled to the control and protection module, a power supply module coupled to the control and protection module and an output power stage module with inputs coupled to the power supply module and the control and protection module, and outputs coupled to a gate terminal and an emitter terminal of the IGBT. The optical communications module is configured to send control signals to the control and protection module. The power supply module is configured to distribute inputted power to the control and protection module. The control and protection module outputs on/off, soft turn-off and/or soft turn-on signals to the output power stage module, which, in turn, supplies a current based on the signal(s) from the control and protection module for charging or discharging an input capacitance of the IGBT. • Popa, Vasile N; Spencer, Merrill P; Lion, Charlene L; Felberg, Robert A 2007-06-01 We hypothesized that direct cervical investigation with Power M-Mode Doppler (PMD) combined with single- gate Doppler spectral analysis (SGDSA) using a 2-MHz pulsed-wave Doppler transducer would show reasonable accuracy parameters when compared with standard color-coded carotid duplex ultrasound (CDU).

We prospectively screened for cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis by direct observation using a 2 MHz PMD/SGDSA device. PMD identified the artery (location, depth, flow direction) and SGDSA assessed waveform; peak systolic, end diastolic, and mean flow velocities (MFV) of the common carotid artery; cervical ICA proximally and distally; and external carotid artery. Diagnostic accuracy was compared with concurrent carotid duplex ultrasound.

The continuity principle was applied using the proximal/distal cervical ICA MFV ratio. We examined 456 vessels (228 patients). Using ICA proximally/ICA distally MFV ratio of 1.5 or greater or absence of ICA signature, for 40% to 59% or greater stenosis (including occlusions), sensitivity was 75.4%, specificity 99.8%, positive predictive value 97.7%, negative predictive value 96.6%, and accuracy 96.7%. For MFV ratio 1.6 or greater or absence of ICA signature and 60% to 79% or greater stenosis (including occlusions), sensitivity was 92.3%, specificity 98.1%, positive predictive value 81.8%, negative predictive value 99.3%, and accuracy 97.6%. Use of combined PMD and SGDSA to directly observe the extracranial ICA is reasonably accurate compared with carotid duplex ultrasound. Using the MFV ratio of proximal/distal extracranial ICA improves accuracy parameters and provides a quick and effective bedside screen for ICA stenosis.

This novel technique should be considered part of the standard PMD/transcranial Doppler examination. • Bompadre, Silvia G.; Ai, Tomohiko; Cho, Jeong Han; Wang, Xiaohui; Sohma, Yoshiro; Li, Min; Hwang, Tzyh-Chang 2005-01-01 The CFTR chloride channel is activated by phosphorylation of serine residues in the regulatory (R) domain and then gated by ATP binding and hydrolysis at the nucleotide binding domains (NBDs).

Studies of the ATP-dependent gating process in excised inside-out patches are very often hampered by channel rundown partly caused by membrane-associated phosphatases. Since the severed ΔR-CFTR, whose R domain is completely removed, can bypass the phosphorylation-dependent regulation, this mutant channel might be a useful tool to explore the gating mechanisms of CFTR. To this end, we investigated the regulation and gating of the ΔR-CFTR expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. In the cell-attached mode, basal ΔR-CFTR currents were always obtained in the absence of cAMP agonists.

Application of cAMP agonists or PMA, a PKC activator, failed to affect the activity, indicating that the activity of ΔR-CFTR channels is indeed phosphorylation independent. Consistent with this conclusion, in excised inside-out patches, application of the catalytic subunit of PKA did not affect ATP-induced currents. Similarities of ATP-dependent gating between wild type and ΔR-CFTR make this phosphorylation-independent mutant a useful system to explore more extensively the gating mechanisms of CFTR. Using the ΔR-CFTR construct, we studied the inhibitory effect of ADP on CFTR gating. The Ki for ADP increases as the [ATP] is increased, suggesting a competitive mechanism of inhibition. Single channel kinetic analysis reveals a new closed state in the presence of ADP, consistent with a kinetic mechanism by which ADP binds at the same site as ATP for channel opening.

Moreover, we found that the open time of the channel is shortened by as much as 54% in the presence of ADP. This unexpected result suggests another ADP binding site that modulates channel closing. PMID:15767295 • Tomlinson, Carl M.; Lynch-Brown, Carol 1989-01-01 Describes the use of international children's literature in a third and fourth grade class. Summarizes (based on teacher journal entries) the class's five-week experience with African Cecil Bodker's 'The Leopard,' describing four phases of study: orientation, exposition, integration, and completion. Suggests several works of contemporary • Wenzler, Josef-Stefan; Dunn, Tyler; Toffoli, Tommaso; Mohanty, Pritiraj 2014-01-08 Irreversible logic operations inevitably discard information, setting fundamental limitations on the flexibility and the efficiency of modern computation.

To circumvent the limit imposed by the von Neumann-Landauer (VNL) principle, an important objective is the development of reversible logic gates, as proposed by Fredkin, Toffoli, Wilczek, Feynman, and others. Here, we present a novel nanomechanical logic architecture for implementing a Fredkin gate, a universal logic gate from which any reversible computation can be built. In addition to verifying the truth table, we demonstrate operation of the device as an AND, OR, NOT, and FANOUT gate. Excluding losses due to resonator dissipation and transduction, which will require significant improvement in order to minimize the overall energy cost, our device requires an energy of order 10(4) kT per logic operation, similar in magnitude to state-of-the-art transistor-based technologies.

Ultimately, reversible nanomechanical logic gates could play a crucial role in developing highly efficient reversible computers, with implications for efficient error correction and quantum computing. CANNON GATES. DETAIL OF NORTHWEST GATE STONE WALL TO LEFT IS A REMNANT OF THE ORIGINAL FACILITY BOUNDARY FENCE. IT IS CONSTRUCTED IN BLUE PUDDING STONE. - Picatinny Arsenal, State Route 15 near I-80, Dover, Morris County, NJ • 7. DETAIL VIEW OF DAM, SHOWING ROLLER GATES, GATE PIERS, HEADHOUSES AND DAM BRIDGE, LOOKING NORTHWEST, UPSTREAM - Upper Mississippi River 9-Foot Channel, Lock & Dam No. 9, Lynxville, Crawford County, WI • Bonnet, Jerome; Yin, Peter; Ortiz, Monica E; Subsoontorn, Pakpoom; Endy, Drew 2013-05-03 Organisms must process information encoded via developmental and environmental signals to survive and reproduce.

Researchers have also engineered synthetic genetic logic to realize simpler, independent control of biological processes. We developed a three-terminal device architecture, termed the transcriptor, that uses bacteriophage serine integrases to control the flow of RNA polymerase along DNA. Integrase-mediated inversion or deletion of DNA encoding transcription terminators or a promoter modulates transcription rates. We realized permanent amplifying AND, NAND, OR, XOR, NOR, and XNOR gates actuated across common control signal ranges and sequential logic supporting autonomous cell-cell communication of DNA encoding distinct logic- gate states. The single-layer digital logic architecture developed here enables engineering of amplifying logic gates to control transcription rates within and across diverse organisms. • Hanson, C.W. III; Hoffman, E.A.

1995-12-31 There are several theoretic advantages to synchronizing positive pressure breaths with the cardiac cycle, including the potential for improving distribution of pulmonary and myocardial blood flow and enhancing cardiac output. The authors evaluated the effects of synchronizing respiration to the cardiac cycle using a programmable ventilator and electron beam CT (EBCT) scanning.

The hearts of anesthetized dogs were imaged during cardiac gated respiration with a 50 msec scan aperture. Multi slice, short axis, dynamic image data sets spanning the apex to base of the left ventricle were evaluated to determine the volume of the left ventricular chamber at end-diastole and end-systole during apnea, systolic and diastolic cardiac gating. The authors observed an increase in cardiac output of up to 30% with inspiration gated to the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle in a non-failing model of the heart. • Bacon, Dave; Flammia, Steven T 2009-09-18 The difficulty in producing precisely timed and controlled quantum gates is a significant source of error in many physical implementations of quantum computers.

Here we introduce a simple universal primitive, adiabatic gate teleportation, which is robust to timing errors and many control errors and maintains a constant energy gap throughout the computation above a degenerate ground state space. This construction allows for geometric robustness based upon the control of two independent qubit interactions. Further, our piecewise adiabatic evolution easily relates to the quantum circuit model, enabling the use of standard methods from fault-tolerance theory for establishing thresholds. • Basu Ray, Indranill; Henry, Tracey L; Davis, William; Alam, Jawed; Amedee, Ronald G; Pinsky, William W 2012-01-01 Internal medicine residents at the Ochsner Clinic Foundation stay engaged with clinical work and have difficulty initiating and completing research and publishing their scholarly activities. Commonly cited barriers include lack of knowledge about institutional research programs, lack of confidence regarding medical writing skills, lack of time, and failure to understand the value of research. The residency directors at Ochsner initiated the Consolidated Academic and Research Exposition (CARE) program to teach basic research skills and encourage residents' interest and productivity in research.

The CARE program includes 4 core components: house staff mentoring and the Resident Career Development Program, a journal club, medical writing instruction, and research engagement. Particular emphasis is given to projects that could be completed within a 1-month period and result in publication, enabling residents to use a 1-month elective rotation during their first postgraduate year. The sessions are mandatory for residents, except for those on specified rotations, including the critical care service and the night float rotation and those who are postcall. In 2010-2011, 6 residents submitted abstracts to the Louisiana Chapter of the American College of Physicians Associates meeting; 2 abstracts were accepted for presentation. In 2011-2012, there were 14 submissions, 4 of which were accepted for presentation. In 2010-2011, there were 4 submissions to the Southern Hospitalist Conference, which increased to 7 submissions in 2011-2012.

The second best presentation award at the Southern Hospitalist Conference was also earned by a resident of this institution. The program saw a 110% total increase in scholarly activity from 2010-2011 to 2011-2012. The CARE program has been in existence for approximately 1 year. Preliminary results were tabulated based on research proposals, posters, abstracts, case reports, and presentations submitted and/or accepted at leading medical • Outlet side of gate, showing the Radial Gate, hoist mechanism and concrete walkway across the canal. • 1976-01-01 Finishing touches on the largest American flag ever painted were completed today on the south side of the Vehicle Assembly Building at KSC's Launch Complex 39. The flag was painted as part of 3rd Century America, the U. Bicentennial Exposition on Science and Technology to be held here from May 30 through September 7.

The flag is located on the western side of the VAB's south wall. Still to be painted is the American Revolution Bicentennial Administration's [ARBA] distinctive emblem. This will be placed on the eastern side of the south wall and should be completed by mid-May.

The flag is 209 feet long and 100 feet in width. Each of its 13 red and white bars is nearly 8 and a half feet wide. The ARBA symbol will be 110 feet in diameter. • Panuszka, Ryszard; Damijan, Zbigniew; Kasprzak, Cezary 2004-05-01 Authors used methods based on fractal analysis of EEG signal to assess the influence of low-frequency sound field on the human brain electro-potentials.

The relations between LFN (low-frequency noise) and change in fractal dimension EEG signal were measured with stimulations tones. Three types of LFN stimuli were presented; each specified dominant frequency and sound-pressure levels (7 Hz at 120 dB, 18 Hz at 120 dB, and 40 Hz at 110 dB). Standard EEG signal was recorded before, during, and after subject's exposure for 35 min. Applied to the analysis fractal dimension of EEG-signal Higuchis algorithm. Experiments show LFN influence on complexity of EEG-signal with calculated Higuchi's algorithm. Observed increase of mean value of Higuchi's fractal dimension during exposition to LFN.

• Pataraia, G; Bagashvili, T; Andronikashvili, G; Gurashvili, T; Gogeshvili, K; Avalishvili, M 2017-02-01 In order to explore the distant results of exposition of little doses of lead, for the objective of the experiment model we have selected 32 mongral rats, of different age, but aged of both sex. Experimental animals were divided in two groups. During first two month from the beginning of the experiment, together with permissible food, animals were given the water, in which was open Pb(NO3)2 - to first group 1.5 mg on kg/weight and to II group 15 mg on kg/weight during the day and night.

Before the beginning of the experiment, in the time of process and after it, observation was conducted, description and collection of photo-video materials about the behavior of animals, physiological parameters, possible change of weight, clear-sighted changes in appearance. During the autopsy of the animal, died during the experiment, it turned out that the reason of the death was acute heart failure caused by septicopyemia, the bilateral abscess pneumonia and right sided purulent pleurisy. The reason of the death of second animal was DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) Syndrome and the polyorganic pathology caused by it. We made the Nembutal injection to third animal because there was detected the 50×40×20 sized subcutaneous formation on the right surface of the chest, that turned out to be the breast adenoma with cystic fibrosis.

After the completion of the experiment of distant results of lead exposition, surviving rats before autopsy will be dropped to sleep with high dose of drugs in compliance with the 'Guidelines of animal care and ethical behavior', taken material will be processed for histopathological (in case of necessity histochemical and imunomorphological) and electronic microscopic researches. • Biernath, Christian; Klein, Christian; Hoffmann, Peter; Gayler, Sebastian; Priesack, Eckart 2013-04-01 In Germany approximately 30% of the population is vulnerable to pollinosis (hay fever). Exposure to allergenic pollen affects vulnerable persons recurring seasonally, but depending on the individual susceptibility to individual pollen species. To prevent the suffering the patients usually use preventive drugs and rely on the current pollen forecast. However, recently used pollen forecast models mainly consider temperature sums to predict pollen exposition by different plant species. The models often fail to describe the impact of regionally variable environmental conditions on plant growth which depends on the soil characteristics that affect the water and nutrient availability.

Furthermore, water and nutrient availability may significantly affect the pollen yield and its allergenic potential. Thus, the improvement of the simulations of the exposition of allergenic pollen by plants and atmospheric pollen loads on the regional scale could improve the preventive medication of vulnerable persons. We propose a new soil-plant-atmosphere model system that allows a dynamic ressource aquisition for the plant biomass growth to account for the allergenic potential of exposed pollen and the subsequent pollen transport in the atmosphere. Therefore, to simulate pollen exposure the land surface model Expert-N (soil-plant-system model) was coupled to the Weather Research and Forecast model (WRF). Expert-N uses site specific physical soil properties to simulate the nutrient and water transport, and the carbon and nitrogen turnover, as well as the interactions between plant and soil. The allergenic potential of pollen yield is simulated using a new C- and N-allocation model which accounts for the production of carbon-based secondary compounds (CBSCs). These CBSCs are involved in the determination of the allergenic potential of pollen.

The WRF model is used to predict the weather conditions for plant growth. Depending on the weather conditions pollen exposed by the plants is then • Scheick, L. Z.; Nguyen, D. 2000-01-01 The radiation effects that affect various systems that comprise floating gate memories are presented.

The wear-out degradation results of unirradiated flash memories are compared to irradiated flash memories. The procedure analyzes the failure to write and erase caused by wear-out and degradation of internal charge pump circuits. A method is described for characterizing the radiation effects of the floating gate itself. The rate dependence, stopping power dependence, SEU susceptibility and applications of floating gate in radiation environment are presented. The ramifications for dosimetry and cell failure are discussed as well as for the long term use aspects of non-volatile memories. • Scheick, L. Z.; Nguyen, D.

2000-01-01 The radiation effects that affect various systems that comprise floating gate memories are presented. The wear-out degradation results of unirradiated flash memories are compared to irradiated flash memories. The procedure analyzes the failure to write and erase caused by wear-out and degradation of internal charge pump circuits. A method is described for characterizing the radiation effects of the floating gate itself. The rate dependence, stopping power dependence, SEU susceptibility and applications of floating gate in radiation environment are presented. The ramifications for dosimetry and cell failure are discussed as well as for the long term use aspects of non-volatile memories. • Mojarradi, M.

M.; Cristoveanu, S.; Allibert, F.; France, G.; Blalock, B.; Durfrene, B. 2002-01-01 The four- gate transistor or G4-FET combines MOSFET and JFET principles in a single SOI device.

Experimental results reveal that each gate can modulate the drain current. Numerical simulations are presented to clarify the mechanisms of operation.

The new device shows enhanced functionality, due to the combinatorial action of the four gates, and opens rather revolutionary applications. • Carey, Kevin 2009-01-01 This article presents an open letter to Bill Gates. In his letter, the author suggests that Bill Gates should build a brand-new university, a great 21st-century institution of higher learning.

This university will be unlike anything the world has ever seen. He asks Bill Gates not to stop helping existing colleges create the higher-education system • Mojarradi, M. M.; Cristoveanu, S.; Allibert, F.; France, G.; Blalock, B.; Durfrene, B. 2002-01-01 The four- gate transistor or G4-FET combines MOSFET and JFET principles in a single SOI device.

Experimental results reveal that each gate can modulate the drain current. Numerical simulations are presented to clarify the mechanisms of operation. The new device shows enhanced functionality, due to the combinatorial action of the four gates, and opens rather revolutionary applications. • Carey, Kevin 2009-01-01 This article presents an open letter to Bill Gates. In his letter, the author suggests that Bill Gates should build a brand-new university, a great 21st-century institution of higher learning. This university will be unlike anything the world has ever seen. He asks Bill Gates not to stop helping existing colleges create the higher-education system • Berven, Christopher; Wybourne, Martin; Longstreth, Lydia 2003-05-01 Ligand stabilized gold nanoparticles have novel properties that can be exploited for their use as possible building blocks for room-temperature single electron devices.

With a core of 70 gold atoms or less (diameter.