• Mugi Mulyono 2013-08-01 Full Text Available Length-weight relationship of Harpiosquilla raphidea from Banten Bay waters was studied from 146 males and 186 females ranging from 38 to 354 and from 37 to 348 mm, respectively. The following equations were obtained Ln W = 5.164 + 2. Gary Moore Dark Days In Paradise on this page. 478 Ln X (for males, Ln W = 5.333 + 2.596 Ln X (for females and Ln W = 5.264 + 2.549 Ln X, Ln X (pooled.

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The ‘b’ values (2.5497 found not near to 3 indicating allometric growth being matched up with the cube law. The ANCOVA indicated not much variation between the ‘b’ values for males and females. In general, the growth rate of the mantis shrimp H. Raphidea almost the same or not much different from other mantis shrimp species of the order Stomatopoda. Jayabarathi 2013-06-01 Full Text Available A single specimen of Green Mantis Shrimp Gonodactylellus viridis (Stomatopoda: Gonodactylidae was collected from the intertidal seagrass habitats of the South Andaman Islands.

The species is reported for the first time from Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Available literature revealed that the stomatopod fauna of Andaman and Nicobar Islands are in the least studied group.

Characteristic features of the family and the species are given in detail. • Sri Suhermiyati 2011-10-01 Full Text Available Cholesterol and omega-9 fatty acid eggs yolks affected by mantis crustacean (squilla empusa fermentation as a fish meal substitution in the diet of layer. The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of Squilla empusa fermentation as fish meal substitute in diet layer on cholesterol and omega-9 fatty acid yolk eggs. This research was conducted by completely randomized design (CRD with 4 treatment and 5 replications.

The treatments are P0 = 0% fermented Squilla empusa + 15% fish meal; P1 = 5% fermented Squilla empusa + 10% fish meal; P2 = 10% fermented Squilla empusa + 15% fish meal; and P3 = 15% fermented Squilla empusa + 0% fish meal. Cholesterol, Omega-9 fatty acid yolk eggs responding variables measured. The results of this study shows that the yolk cholesterol and omega - 9 was non significant (P卵巢>肝胰腺>血液,肌肉组织含量最高,为10.43 pg/2c,血液含量最低,为8.70 pg/2c,各组织DNA含量平均为9.61 pg/2c；以1 pg=978 Mbp计算,首次成功估算了口虾蛄基因组大小约为9398.58 Mbp。本研究结果可为口虾蛄种质资源保护及未来人工养殖研究提供基础资料。%The karyotypic pattern was analyzed using colchicine injection method and DNA contents in different tis-sues were determined using DNA of the chicken blood cell as standard in mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria by a flow cytometer to understand the karyotype, DNA content and genetics content. It was found that there were 88 chromosomes in diploid with 2n=88 in hepatopancreas specimen,with the karyotype formula of 2n=62m+12sm+14t, and total chromosome arm number (NF) of 162.

The DNA content was significantly different in different tis-sues (Ptesticle>ovary>hepatopancreas>blood, the maximal value (10. 43 pg/2c) in muscle and the minimal (8. 70 pg/2c) in blood, with an average of 9. Moreover, the average value of the mantis shrimp genome size was estimated to be 9398.

58 Mbp as 1 pg=978 Mbp. The findings make a first step towards broodstock conservation and complete aquaculture of the mantis shrimp in the future. • Mead, Kristina S; Wiley, Megan B; Koehl, M A R; Koseff, Jeffrey R 2003-01-01 Many marine animals track odor plumes to their source. Although studies of plume-tracking behavior have been performed in unidirectional flow, benthic animals such as crustaceans live in coastal habitats characterized by waves. We compared signal encounters by odor-plume-tracking stomatopods ( mantis shrimp) in wave-affected and unidirectional flow in a flume.

Stomatopods are small enough that we can study their natural behavior in a flume. They sample odors by flicking their antennules. A thin sheet of laser light illuminating an odor plume labeled with dye [planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) technique] permitted us to measure the instantaneous odor concentration encountered by the animal's chemosensory organs (antennules) while it tracked the plume.

We simultaneously measured behavior and the high-resolution odor signal at the spatial and temporal scale of the animal. We found that the navigating animal encountered odor filaments more often in wave-affected flow than in unidirectional flow. Odor filaments along the animals' antennules were significantly wider and of higher concentration in waves than in unidirectional flow. • 2011-01-14.

Urchin Eucidaris tribuloides, Pencil urchin Gonodactylus (Neogonodactylus) spp., Smashing mantis shrimp. Mantis shrimp Lebrunia spp., Staghorn anemone Mithrax spp., Clinging crabs Mithrax cinctimanus, Banded. Rope sponge Astrophyton muricatum, Giant basket star ] Alpheaus armatus, Snapping shrimp Aiptasia. • 刘海映; 谷德贤; 李君丰; 姜玉声 2009-01-01 对大连沿海口虾蛄Oratosquilla oratoria在人工培育条件下幼体的发育过程及形态特征进行了观察.结果表明:在水温为23～26 ℃、盐度为36的条件下,口虾蛄从Z1期假蚤状幼体开始,历时33 d出现第Ⅰ期仔虾;大连沿海口虾蛄Z1期假蚤状幼体第2触角羽状刚毛数、Z4期假蚤状幼体第2触角羽状刚毛数及尾节侧小齿、中间小齿、亚中间小齿数及头胸甲长与日本口虾蛄存在差异. • 2010-10-01., Cleaner shrimp Family Squillidae, Mantis crabs Gonodactylus spp. Lysiosquilla spp. Family Stenopodidae.

Crustaceans—Subphylum Crustacea 1. Decapods—Order Decapoda Family Alpheidae Alpheaus armatus, Snapping shrimp. Gibbesi, Nimble spray crab Family Hippolytidae Lysmata spp., Peppermint shrimp Thor amboinensis, Anemone. • 1983-07-01 canaliculata Mantis shrimp aguilla oolita MOLLUSKS Banded cockle Chione californiensis Smooth cockle Chione fluctifrga Wavy cockle Chione undatella.Transparent shrimp Spirontocaris paldiol Grass shrimp Hiopolyte californven31s Ghost shrimp Callianasso californiensis Crangonid shrimp Processa • 1986-08-01 Body slender and resembling that of a 1973). Praying mantis (except for whale lice). Includes skeleton shrimp Suborder Caprellidea.

MORPHOLOGY.Abdomen not vestigial. Body neither slender nor resembling that of a praying mantis.

2 REASON FOR INCLUSION IN SERIES lb. Pereon with six.according to Smith and Mudd (1976) and patchy, small localized perturbations for other fish species, as well as are likely to create more patchiness, shrimp • 1983-06-01 unqualified, but the stress factor is ever present. Sheader (1980), in describing his operational experiences with the one-man MANTIS vehicle likens the stress.induced vibrations and is provided by Applied Dynamics Ltd. Under the name of SHRIMP. 4' consists of the injection of a low level swept.Arctic Alaskan Coastal Plain. Army Corps of Engineers CRREL Special Rept.

1980 A pilot’s experience in operating a MANTIS • 2005-09-01 tunicate Didemnum candida, and the Philippine Mysid 1 mantis shrimp Gonodactylusfalcatus (Yamamoto Pyncnogonid 2 et al. A number of invasive species.restore coral reef habitats may be hindered by the spread of these species.

The Philippine mantis shrimp Gonodactylusfalcatus is also of concern on many.not Crab 15 presently found in Hawai’i or other Pacific islands, Shrimp 7 3 but likely candidates for introduction, include Stomatopod 2 Chinese mitten • 1997-02-01 aquatic habitat is one of the greatest long-term threats to many of the nation’s fish and shellfish, such as salmon, summer flounder and shrimp. From.lie not tems (the ADS-Jim/Wasp/ Mantis ) ity rather than perceived risk. In its obvious media appeal but in eventually became lower than those In fact.movement, limited by the intelligence and the real thing will Wasp/ Mantis pilots around). The reali- drag constraints of its tether, but ensure a rationale • 1983-10-01 and shrimp were a significant portion of the catch. Sea bss, tuna, bonito.

And shark were the important fish caught. Some modernization of the.34tha w citable wues to thi day. Wh@eer sabiiy wa mantied by the IFpNel power in &ia a de is so m.ds,o f, t, ciil to&wrvuM. So6sha athoriy was.34the Military Elite in Pakistan. A Socio-listoral Anal- -sis - (Unpublished mantis -Opt.

April 1973) Iuissai. As{ Elite Politics in an Ideolo al Star The • 1992-06-01 Mercenaria mercenaria) and adult shrimp (Penaeus vannamet) in a flow-through seawater system. Adult brine shrimp ( Artemia salina) and postlarval.activities of organisms modifies many pollutant substances.

The bioaccumulation of contaminants by marine organisms such as oysters, clams, crabs, shrimp.migration pathway. The burrowing activities (bioturbation) by bottom-dwelling organisms such as snapping shrimp, mantis shrimp, worms, and certain • 1984-02-01 white shrimp, blue crab, mantis shrimp, squid, and netclingers. The mudflats have a characteristic group of organisms including fiddler and other crabs.quality, wetland loss, oyster and shrimp impacts, endangered species, cultural resources, economic and social impacts, and mitigation. ' ’Plaquemines.Significant issues not adequately addressed in the FEIS include water quality, wetland loss, impacts on oysters and shrimp, endangered species • 2014-11-01 Klenow fragment, Shrimp Alkaline Phosphatase, and T4 Polynucleotide Kinase were purchased from New England Biolabs. Cloning is performed following.Irwin GW, Gorski JJ, Orr KS, Vohhodina J, Kavanagh JN, Madden AF, Powell A, Manti L, McDade SS, Park BH, Prise KM, McIntosh SA, Salto-Tellez M • 2009-11-01 The discovery that the eye of a particular mantis shrimp has an achromatic quarter-waveplate that is superior to modern-day devices could be a source of inspiration to those designing optical components. Nature Photonics spoke to Nicholas Roberts, one of the researchers involved in the study.

• 1998-06-01 141 Myers, A. 'Summer and winter burrows of a Mantis shrimp, Squilla empusa, in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island (USA),' Estuarine.basis. There may also be potential for colonization by deep-burrowing organisms (such as certain species of mud shrimp ), which may burrow to depths of 1 • 1982-05-01 described in Th mitr andul mantied agtte for-i 2488 'Separation Procedure' below, If the hous and du aingtaisnie. At is-WC 6* solid residuao obtained.Ohio, pp 239. Attenuation of Pollutants in Municipal Landfill Leachate by Clay Minerals.

EPA-600/2-73-157 • 2006-04-01 flux of pore water through sediment caps. Summer and winter burrows of a mantis shrimp, Squilla empusa, in.Point are associated with the mound opening of burrowing shrimp.

(Scale: Width of image = 15 cm.to ghost shrimp activities (Scale: Width of image = 15 cm • 2013-03-06. Palaemonida Periclimenes spp., Cleaner shrimp Family Squillidae, Mantis crabs Gonodactylus spp. Alpheidae Alpheaus armatus, Snapping shrimp Family Diogenidae Paguristes spp., Hermit crabs P. Cadenati, Red., Peppermint shrimp Thor amboinensis, Anemone shrimp Family Majidae, Coral crabs Mithrax spp., Clinging crabs M. • 2006-06-01 flux of pore water through sediment caps. Summer and winter burrows of a mantis shrimp, Squilla empusa, in.4764.

Ziebis, W., Forster, S., Huettel, M. Complex burrows of the mud shrimp Callianassa truncata and their geochemical • 2010-09-01 mantis shrimp for getting me through the home stretch. To all my advisors, mentors, friends, and family—you have my eternal gratitude for helping.the RLS algorithm does in fact converge faster than the LMS algorithm, yet at the same time the LMS algorithm can control significantly better during • Petie, R.; Muller, M. 2007-01-01 Insects show a large variety in prey capture strategies, with a correspondingly large diversity in predatory adaptations. We studied a specific type of predatory claws, these can for example be found in praying mantis species. The claw is closeable over its entire length and the prey is fixed betwee • Wolff, Gabriella Hannah; Thoen, Hanne Halkinrud; Marshall, Justin; Sayre, Marcel E 2017-01-01 Mushroom bodies are the iconic learning and memory centers of insects.

No previously described crustacean possesses a mushroom body as defined by strict morphological criteria although crustacean centers called hemiellipsoid bodies, which serve functions in sensory integration, have been viewed as evolutionarily convergent with mushroom bodies. Here, using key identifiers to characterize neural arrangements, we demonstrate insect-like mushroom bodies in stomatopod crustaceans ( mantis shrimps).

More than any other crustacean taxon, mantis shrimps display sophisticated behaviors relating to predation, spatial memory, and visual recognition comparable to those of insects. However, neuroanatomy-based cladistics suggesting close phylogenetic proximity of insects and stomatopod crustaceans conflicts with genomic evidence showing hexapods closely related to simple crustaceans called remipedes. We discuss whether corresponding anatomical phenotypes described here reflect the cerebral morphology of a common ancestor of Pancrustacea or an extraordinary example of convergent evolution. PMID:28949916 • Nityananda, Vivek; Tarawneh, Ghaith; Rosner, Ronny; Nicolas, Judith; Crichton, Stuart; Read, Jenny 2016-01-07 Stereopsis - 3D vision - has become widely used as a model of perception. However, all our knowledge of possible underlying mechanisms comes almost exclusively from vertebrates. While stereopsis has been demonstrated for one invertebrate, the praying mantis, a lack of techniques to probe invertebrate stereopsis has prevented any further progress for three decades.

We therefore developed a stereoscopic display system for insects, using miniature 3D glasses to present separate images to each eye, and tested our ability to deliver stereoscopic illusions to praying mantises. We find that while filtering by circular polarization failed due to excessive crosstalk, 'anaglyph' filtering by spectral content clearly succeeded in giving the mantis the illusion of 3D depth. We thus definitively demonstrate stereopsis in mantises and also demonstrate that the anaglyph technique can be effectively used to deliver virtual 3D stimuli to insects. This method opens up broad avenues of research into the parallel evolution of stereoscopic computations and possible new algorithms for depth perception. • 2005-09-01 Rather like an aquatic preying mantis, the new shrimp captures and kills smaller species of fairy shrimp. Quinney and Weaver elected to co-author the.Weaver discovered a large fairy shrimp in temporary waters of one of the playa lakes in Orchard/Gowen Field Training Area. They collected specimens.but were unable to key them out to known species.

Eventually they found shrimp taxonomist Christopher Rogers, who compared the large shrimp to other • 1981-03-01 Free-swimming invertebrates include brown and white shrimp, blue crab, mantis shrimp, squid, and netclingers. The mudflats have a characteristic group.Environmental Quality on January 16, 1975. These issues include water quality, wetland loss, oyster and shrimp impacts, endangered species, cultural.Quality on January 16, 1975. These issues include water quality, wetland loss, oyster and shrimp impacts, endangered species, cultural resources, economic • 1992-12-15 carnivorous insects in the marsh include the praying mantis and dragon fly. Herbivores include, among many others, grasshopper species that graze on.commercial value from the ocean.

Important species falling into this group include white shrimp, brown shrimp, menhaden, red drum, flounder, black drum.value to the two species of shrimp taken. Is the foremost producer of shrimp in the world, with the shrimp fishery occupying a relatively • 1995-05-01 shrimps of the family Alpheidae (Johnston et al., 1947; Hazlett and Winn, 1962; Fish, 1964); mantis shrimp, Gonodactylus (Hazlett and Winn, 1962); and.Effects on growth rates of one species of shrimp have been observed in laboratory experiments (where the sound was continuous and the shrimp were.very small, and would not be expected to affect a significant portion of the shrimp population or, indirectly, the species (including baleen whales • 1977-12-01 macroinvertebrates.

• Badano, Aldo; Kyprianou, Iacovos S.; Tang, Katherine H.; Saha, Anindita 2007-03-01 Typical methods to measure the resolution properties of x-ray detectors use slit or edge devices. However, complete models of imaging systems for system optimization require knowledge of the point-response function of the detector. In this paper, we report on the experimental methods developed for the validation of the point-response function of an indirect columnar CsI:Tl detector predicted by Monte Carlo using mantis. We describe simulation results that replicate experimental resolution measurements using edge and pinhole devices. The experimental setup consists of a high-resolution CCD camera with a 1-to-1fiber optic faceplate that allows measurements for different scintillation screens.

The results of these experiments and simulations constitute a resource for the development and validation of the columnar models of phosphor screens proposed as part of previous work with mantis. We compare experimental high-resolution pinhole responses of two different CsI(Tl) screens to predictions from mantis.

The simulated response matches reasonably well the measurements at normal and off-normal x-ray incidence angle when a realistic pinhole is used in the simulation geometry. Our results will be combined with results on Swank factors determined from Monte Carlo pulse-height spectra to provide a comprehensive validation of the phosphor models, therefore allowing their use for in silico system optimization. • Kagaya, K; Patek, S N 2016-02-01 To circumvent the limits of muscle, ultrafast movements achieve high power through the use of springs and latches. The time scale of these movements is too short for control through typical neuromuscular mechanisms, thus ultrafast movements are either invariant or controlled prior to movement.

We tested whether mantis shrimp (Stomatopoda: Neogonodactylus bredini) vary their ultrafast smashing strikes and, if so, how this control is achieved prior to movement. We collected high-speed images of strike mechanics and electromyograms of the extensor and flexor muscles that control spring compression and latch release. During spring compression, lateral extensor and flexor units were co-activated.

The strike initiated several milliseconds after the flexor units ceased, suggesting that flexor activity prevents spring release and determines the timing of strike initiation. We used linear mixed models and Akaike's information criterion to serially evaluate multiple hypotheses for control mechanisms. We found that variation in spring compression and strike angular velocity were statistically explained by spike activity of the extensor muscle. The results show that mantis shrimp can generate kinematically variable strikes and that their kinematics can be changed through adjustments to motor activity prior to the movement, thus supporting an upstream, central-nervous-system-based control of ultrafast movement. Based on these and other findings, we present a shishiodoshi model that illustrates alternative models of control in biological ballistic systems. The discovery of feed-forward control in mantis shrimp sets the stage for the assessment of targets, strategic variation in kinematics and the role of learning in ultrafast animals.

Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd. 2010-09-02 Representative sampling has been completed for characterization of the residual material on the floor of Tank 19F as per the statistical sampling plan developed by Harris and Shine. Samples from eight locations have been obtained from the tank floor and two of the samples were archived as a contingency. Six samples, referred to in this report as the current scrape samples, have been submitted to and analyzed by SRNL. This report contains the statistical analysis of the floor sample analytical results to determine if further data are needed to reduce uncertainty.

Included are comparisons with the prior Mantis samples results to determine if they can be pooled with the current scrape samples to estimate the upper 95% confidence limits (UCL95%) for concentration. Statistical analysis revealed that the Mantis and current scrape sample results are not compatible.

Therefore, the Mantis sample results were not used to support the quantification of analytes in the residual material. Significant spatial variability among the current scrape sample results was not found. Constituent concentrations were similar between the North and South hemispheres as well as between the inner and outer regions of the tank floor. The current scrape sample results from all six samples fall within their 3-sigma limits. In view of the results from numerous statistical tests, the data were pooled from all six current scrape samples. As such, an adequate sample size was provided for quantification of the residual material on the floor of Tank 19F. The uncertainty is quantified in this report by an UCL95% on each analyte concentration.

The uncertainty in analyte concentration was calculated as a function of the number of samples, the average, and the standard deviation of the analytical results. The UCL95% was based entirely on the six current scrape sample results (each averaged across three analytical determinations). • 1976-04-01 mantis shrimp, grass shrimp, isopods, amphipods, and harnacles.

The American oyster is the most common pele- 0 cv~od mollusk found in the.remainder * being consumed by detritus feeding organisms such as amphipods, • isonods and decapod crustaceans ( shrimp and crabs), and fishes. * 0 45 0 * W U.Ashley River also serves as a nursery for blue crabs, brown and white shrimp, and various marine finfish. The Wando River generally • Zhang, D; Ding, Ge; Ge, B; Zhang, H; Tang, B 2012-12-01 Genetic diversity, population genetic structure and molecular phylogeographic pattern of mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in Bohai Sea and South China Sea were analyzed by mitochondrial DNA sequences. Nucleotide and haplotype diversities were 0.00409-0.00669 and 0.894-0.953 respectively. Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree clustered two distinct lineages. Both phylogenetic tree and median-joining network showed the consistent genetic structure corresponding to geographical distribution. Mismatch distributions, negative neutral test and 'star-like' network supported a sudden population expansion event.

And the time was estimated about 44000 and 50000 years ago. A.; Scrymgeour, D.

A.; Ellis, A. R.; Cruz-Cabrera, A. R.; Wendt, J. R.; Carter, T. R.; Samora, S. 2011-06-01 Polarimetric imaging captures the polarization state of light from all the points of a scene.

Snapshot polarimetric imaging collects the Stokes' parameters spatial distribution simultaneously. We will discuss state-of-the-art achievements and some fundamental diffraction limitations in polarimetric imaging with an array of micro-components. We will also look at the natural vision system of the mantis shrimp, with many of these same sensing abilities. The evolved and exquisite vision system possesses a recently-discovered circular polarization capability. This comprehensive polarization vision may enable imaging/communicating advantages in the underwater environment as well as more general turbid environments such as smoke and fog.

• Brice, Joseph T.; Douberly, Gary E. 2017-06-01 Atomic oxygen (^3 P) is generated via thermolysis in a commerical thermal gas cracker ( Mantis Ltd. Complexes with HCN were investigated to qualitatively assess the doping efficiency of O(^3 P) into a helium droplet. Theoretical calculations of a linear O cdot cdot cdot HCN (^3 Σ) complex at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level are consistent with the rotational constants extracted from the rotational substructure in the experimental spectra, and with dipole moments approximated from Stark spectra. The thermal source will be used to study reactions between O(^3 P) and hydrocarbons in helium droplets, and preliminary data on this topic will be presented.

• Tedrow, Riley; Nathan, Kabanguka; Richard, Nasasira; Svenson, Gavin J 2014-01-01 Abstract A recent targeted entomological survey in the Republic of Rwanda has produced two conspecific male and female specimens of an undescribed species of praying mantis (Mantodea). The specimens were collected in Nyungwe National Park in May of 2013. The species is closest morphologically to Dystacta alticeps (Schaum, 1853).

Therefore, a new species is described, Dystacta tigrifrutex sp. N., along with the first instar nymphs and ootheca. In addition, the previously monotypic genus Dystacta Saussure, 1871 is re-described to provide a broader definition of the genus group.

Habitus images, measurement data, a key to species, natural history information, and locality data are provided. PMID:24899847 • Riley Tedrow 2014-05-01 Full Text Available A recent targeted entomological survey in the Republic of Rwanda has produced two conspecific male and female specimens of an undescribed species of praying mantis (Mantodea. The specimens were collected in Nyungwe National Park in May of 2013. The species is closest morphologically to Dystacta alticeps (Schaum, 1853. Therefore, a new species is described, Dystacta tigrifrutex sp. N., along with the first instar nymphs and ootheca.

In addition, the previously monotypic genus Dystacta Saussure, 1871 is re-described to provide a broader definition of the genus group. Habitus images, measurement data, a key to species, natural history information, and locality data are provided. • Tedrow, Riley; Nathan, Kabanguka; Richard, Nasasira; Svenson, Gavin J 2014-01-01 A recent targeted entomological survey in the Republic of Rwanda has produced two conspecific male and female specimens of an undescribed species of praying mantis (Mantodea). The specimens were collected in Nyungwe National Park in May of 2013.

The species is closest morphologically to Dystacta alticeps (Schaum, 1853). Therefore, a new species is described, Dystacta tigrifrutex sp. N., along with the first instar nymphs and ootheca.

In addition, the previously monotypic genus Dystacta Saussure, 1871 is re-described to provide a broader definition of the genus group. Habitus images, measurement data, a key to species, natural history information, and locality data are provided.

• Marshall, N J; Land, M F; Cronin, T W 2014-01-01 Discovering that a shrimp can flick its eyes over to a fish and follow up by tracking it or flicking back to observe something else implies a 'primate-like' awareness of the immediate environment that we do not normally associate with crustaceans. For several reasons, stomatopods ( mantis shrimp) do not fit the general mould of their subphylum, and here we add saccadic, acquisitional eye movements to their repertoire of unusual visual capabilities. Optically, their apposition compound eyes contain an area of heightened acuity, in some ways similar to the fovea of vertebrate eyes. Using rapid eye movements of up to several hundred degrees per second, objects of interest are placed under the scrutiny of this area. While other arthropod species, including insects and spiders, are known to possess and use acute zones in similar saccadic gaze relocations, stomatopods are the only crustacean known with such abilities.

Differences among species exist, generally reflecting both the eye size and lifestyle of the animal, with the larger-eyed more sedentary species producing slower saccades than the smaller-eyed, more active species. Possessing the ability to rapidly look at and assess objects is ecologically important for mantis shrimps, as their lifestyle is, by any standards, fast, furious and deadly. • McHenry, M J; Anderson, P S L; Van Wassenbergh, S; Matthews, D G; Summers, A P; Patek, S N 2016-11-01 Countless aquatic animals rotate appendages through the water, yet fluid forces are typically modeled with translational motion. To elucidate the hydrodynamics of rotation, we analyzed the raptorial appendages of mantis shrimp (Stomatopoda) using a combination of flume experiments, mathematical modeling and phylogenetic comparative analyses. We found that computationally efficient blade-element models offered an accurate first-order approximation of drag, when compared with a more elaborate computational fluid-dynamic model.

Taking advantage of this efficiency, we compared the hydrodynamics of the raptorial appendage in different species, including a newly measured spearing species, Coronis scolopendra The ultrafast appendages of a smasher species (Odontodactylus scyllarus) were an order of magnitude smaller, yet experienced values of drag-induced torque similar to those of a spearing species (Lysiosquillina maculata). The dactyl, a stabbing segment that can be opened at the distal end of the appendage, generated substantial additional drag in the smasher, but not in the spearer, which uses the segment to capture evasive prey. Phylogenetic comparative analyses revealed that larger mantis shrimp species strike more slowly, regardless of whether they smash or spear their prey. In summary, drag was minimally affected by shape, whereas size, speed and dactyl orientation dominated and differentiated the hydrodynamic forces across species and sizes. This study demonstrates the utility of simple mathematical modeling for comparative analyses and illustrates the multi-faceted consequences of drag during the evolutionary diversification of rotating appendages. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

• Li, Mo; Yang, Yuwang; Guo, Li; Chen, Donghui; Sun, Hongliang; Tong, Jin 2015-01-01 Praying mantis is one of the most efficient predators in insect world, which has a pair of powerful tools, two sharp and strong forelegs. Its femur and tibia are both armed with a double row of strong spines along their posterior edges which can firmly grasp the prey, when the femur and tibia fold on each other in capturing.

Synthesia Mac Keygen App more. These spines are so sharp that they can easily and quickly cut into the prey. The geometrical characteristic of the praying mantis's foreleg, especially its tibia, has important reference value for the design of agricultural soil-cutting tools. Learning from the profile and arrangement of these spines, cutting blades with tooth profile were designed in this work. Two different sizes of tooth structure and arrangement were utilized in the design on the cutting edge.

A conventional smooth-edge blade was used to compare with the bionic serrate-edge blades. To compare the working efficiency of conventional blade and bionic blades, 3D finite element simulation analysis and experimental measurement were operated in present work. Both the simulation and experimental results indicated that the bionic serrate-edge blades showed better performance in cutting efficiency. • Badano, Aldo; Kyprianou, Iacovos S; Freed, Melanie; Jennings, Robert J; Sempau, Josep 2009-05-01 We quantify the variation in resolution due to anisotropy caused by oblique X-ray incidence in indirect flat-panel detectors for computed tomography breast imaging systems.